Bellingcat and our companions at Kenya’s Day by day Nation have recognized Kenyan-labelled crates of ammunition inside an alleged RSF depot near the just lately recaptured Sudanese capital Khartoum.
Though we couldn’t independently confirm the contents of each crate recognized, tins with ammunition matching the labels on the crates have been discovered close by among the many captured weapons displayed by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF).
The affirmation of ammunition crates inside Sudan raises new questions on Kenya’s involvement within the battle following a high-profile go to by Fast Help Forces chief Basic Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo to Nairobi earlier this yr.
In response to the go to, the Sudanese authorities banned all imports from Kenya amid a notion of shut ties between the Ruto authorities and Basic Dagalo, broadly generally known as Hemedti.
The Kenyan authorities defended the choice to host Hemedti, stating that their goal was to promote dialogue and peace and emphasising the significance of partaking all events concerned within the battle.
Whereas the Kenya Ordnance Factories Company (KOFC) states on its web site that it produces small arms ammunition, it doesn’t point out manufacturing higher-calibre 14.5×114 mm cartridges and the Chinese language-made HE PP87 mortar bombs recognized on this investigation.
Our companions at Day by day Nation reached out to the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of Kenya to ask in regards to the crates we recognized and the way they ended up in Sudan. We additionally requested whether or not it was Kenyan authorities coverage to produce ammunition or weapons to the Fast Help Forces and the way this comports with the federal government’s public dedication to facilitating peace and dialogue in Sudan.
In its response, the Ministry of Defence stated it didn’t recognise the crates or labels on them and distanced itself from the allegations. Its reply seems to be restricted to nationally produced ammunition solely in addition to inner protocols. It didn’t point out if Kenya has carried out any imports, worldwide transfers or diversions of the weapons or ammunition in query. An announcement that leaves key issues in regards to the Sudan connection unclear.
“Upon examination of the pictures offered, we want to state that we don’t acknowledge the crates nor the inscriptions on them.
The Kenya Ordinance Manufacturing facility Company and, by extension, the Ministry is alive to the delicate nature of the ammunition it manufactures, and in consequence, it has clear data of its provides inside and past Kenya. Alongside this, and to ensure public security, audits of the manufacturing unit’s operations are ceaselessly performed by the managing and exterior oversight authorities.
The Ministry of Defence, subsequently, distances itself from the allegations you despatched earlier.
Additional, we stay totally dedicated to upholding the rule of regulation and proceed to function strictly inside the mandate granted by the Structure and relevant authorizations.”
Justin Lynch, Managing Director of the Battle Insights Group and a Sudan researcher, advised Bellingcat the invention of the crates is additional proof of Kenya’s political and logistical help for the RSF.
A Nation at Warfare, Awash with International Weapons
Sudan is within the midst of an ongoing civil battle between two rival factions, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Fast Help Forces (RSF).
The stash of ammunition crates situated close to Sudan’s capital was filmed by Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) troopers who took half within the closing push to retake the town from the RSF who’ve managed Khartoum and its surrounding cities for a lot of the civil battle.
The SAF declared it had retaken the ultimate areas of resistance in Khartoum, its twin metropolis of Omdurman, and the neighbouring metropolis of Bahri on Could 20, stating the three areas have been now utterly freed from RSF forces.
The re-taking of the capital has led to a lot footage and pictures being launched. Together with footage that seems to point out provides utilized by the RSF.
A 2005 UN arms embargo stays in place prohibiting any nation from supplying weapons to Darfur, Sudan, an space that has seen intense preventing for the reason that outbreak of the civil battle.
Nevertheless each Amnesty Worldwide and Human Rights Watch have recognized weapons produced in China, Iran, Russia, Serbia and the UAE getting used within the battle.
The Sudanese authorities introduced a case earlier than the Worldwide Court docket of Justice in The Hague in Could, accusing the UAE of complicity in genocide for its position in supporting the RSF. The UAE has categorically denied supporting the RSF. The case was dismissed because the UAE has not signed Article 9 of the Genocide Conference.
Either side of the battle have been accused of battle crimes, and the RSF has been accused of ethnic cleaning in sure areas, together with round Darfur. The UN says greater than 24,000 individuals have been killed since preventing started in 2023 following a peaceable rebellion by civilians towards dictator Omar al-Bashir. Greater than 11 million individuals have reportedly been displaced.
Whereas there may be detailed reporting on routes between the UAE and Sudan’s neighbouring nations, together with Chad, getting used for weapons transfers, particular particulars about how the Kenyan ammunition crates ended up within the nation stay scarce.
How Do We Know the Ammunition Crates Have been within the Neighborhood of Khartoum?
On Could 19, after weeks of reported intense preventing with the RSF, SAF troopers and allied forces posted video clips claiming they have been contained in the Salha space in southern Omdurman, situated throughout the Nile from Khartoum.
Bellingcat and Day by day Nation have recognized three movies containing Kenyan MOD-labelled ammunition crates allegedly left behind by the RSF inside an unknown depot most definitely in Salha.
Utilizing social media, we recognized troopers seen within the depot subsequent to the ammunition: A Main from the SAF’s Basic Intelligence Service (GIS) and at the very least one different younger Sudanese soldier. Each seem to have been within the depot throughout the identical time the operation in Salha was happening.
Video 1, Video 2 and Video 3 present troopers rummaging by way of a number of rooms containing crates and speaking in regards to the armour allegedly left behind by the RSF. Pictures of the identical sort of crates with the identical label from the Kenyan MOD had been circulating on social media for a while earlier this yr. Nevertheless it had been troublesome to geolocate inside Sudan earlier than these newer movies emerged.
In video 3, the speaker mentions the ammunition discovery and repeats ‘Salha’, the situation, a number of instances.
In video 1, an Arabic speaker might be heard saying: “However I swear to God, you’ll be able to’t combat once more and also you gained’t defeat us, is that this the work (gear) you permit?”
Video 1 exhibits a person contained in the depot carrying a fatigued t-shirt, glasses and white Tasbih prayer beads. We discovered additional footage displaying what seems to be the identical man carrying the identical garments and equipment. Components within the background inform us that the video was certainly filmed in Salha, Omdurman, alongside the principle highway (15.5479, 32.4273).
We recognized the soldier above as a Main (Ra’id) from the SAF’s Basic Intelligence Service, as indicated by his uniform insignias and patches seen in one other video circulating on Could 20. His identify seems to be Al-Makki Abdul Quddus Ahmed.
Equally, in one other video filmed approx 150m from Main Al-Makki, right here (15.546947, 32.427022), we recognized a second man seen within the ammunition depot movies. In each movies, he’s seen carrying the identical garments with a small Sudanese flag on his left shoulder.
All of the movies analysed have been posted between Could 19 and Could 21. We geolocated the troopers in a market space of southern Omdurman’s Salha district. That is in line with the Sudanese Armed Forces retaking the town. Aljazeera reported that SAF had regained full management of the world by Could 20.
Though we have been unable to verify the precise location of the depot, corroborating the presence of troopers within the Salha space, together with open supply info, strongly signifies that the depot is certainly situated within the Salha neighbourhood of Omdurman.
From Sudan to the World: Worldwide Connections of the Weapons Crates
We in contrast the labels of the crates situated close to the Khartoum depot with different photographs of crates circulating of Kenyan munitions, reportedly additionally from Sudan. On the labels, we are able to see English wording that features the identify of the product, contract quantity, batch quantity, amount, quantity, case quantity and whole case quantity.
To be clear, though the crates are labelled with contractual and technical info, we’re not capable of say with certainty the origin or producer of the munitions. Nevertheless, there are vital particulars to spotlight.
Bellingcat and our companions at Day by day Nation spoke to Battle Armament Analysis (CAR), a UK-based unlawful weapons monitoring group, and shared photographs of the crates.
They stated the markings point out the ammunition crates are a part of the identical contract (No. 23PTI) and have been delivered to the Kenyan Ministry of Defence (KEMOD-01).
“The markings on this crate are in line with different crates we now have seen that we imagine to be delivered on a Kenyan contract,” they added.
CAR additionally stated that most of the crates point out supply after 2024 – when the civil battle in Sudan was nicely underway.
“Three tons numbers are seen (001, 002 and 005-24) all indicating a probable supply in 2024. That is vital because it proves that the crate was diverted to Sudan after the start of the battle in April 2023.”
Including that “there is no such thing as a marking which ID the producer. Nevertheless, keep in mind that above calibres are non-NATO calibres, so unlikely to have been manufactured within the West.”
In accordance with the specialists consulted, the kind of ammunition indicated on the labels are 57 calibre (14.5×114mm) Armour-piercing incendiary (API) cartridges.
Former Royal Artillery Military officer and director of Chiron Sources, Chris Cobb-Smith, advised us that 14.5×114mm (.57 calibre) is a heavy machine gun and anti-material rifle cartridge utilized by the Soviet Union, the previous Warsaw Pact states, fashionable Russia, and different nations.
Though not specified on the crates, Cobb added that the sort of cartridge has been manufactured in Bulgaria, China, Egypt, Hungary, Iraq, North Korea, Poland, Romania, Russia, and the previous Czechoslovakia.
One of many movies we discovered with these crates inside a depot in Salha, Omdurman, confirmed cans contained in the crates and at the very least one open can subsequent to the crates had seen ammunition in line with the specs on the label. The ammunition seen seems to have a inexperienced case and what seems to be a regular black-tip.
We have been additionally capable of establish two further inexperienced crates seen in a video displaying the Salha depot. The label seems to point the containers seemingly comprise (or at the very least contained) an explosive with the specification “82mm HE Mortar Bomb Sort PP87”.
In accordance with CAR, the markings on the crate recommend the field and its content material have been seemingly initially delivered to Kenyan authorities underneath contract AMI/KEN/099/2023.
Director of Chiron Sources, Chris Cobb-Smith advised Bellingcat that the contract quantity on these crates signifies the Kenyan MOD bought mortar bombs from China in 2023. He added that it will be not possible to say whether or not they have been instantly diverted or not.
Human Rights Watch reported in 2024 that RSF gave the impression to be utilizing this Chinese language-made mortar ammunition. This video exhibits a person in RSF camouflage and one other in civilian garments unpacking 82mm HE Mortar Bomb Sort PP87. HRW was unable to confirm RSF claims that it captured this new mortar munition from the SAF. Amnesty Worldwide has additionally reported the usage of this weapon in Sudan.
We additionally discovered one other pattern of those bombs amongst different SAF-captured ammo displayed in early Could in Khartoum. The Chinese language-made bomb was photographed subsequent to a different Kenyan labelled crate stating it contained 7.62mm SMG (submachine weapons or self-loaded rifles) TYPE CS/LR11- bought by the middleman China Jing An Import & Export Company (CJAIE).
There have been a number of experiences figuring out Chinese language-made weapons within the arms of the RSF. In April, China’s cost d’affaires in Port Sudan was summoned by the Sudanese authorities over the RSF’s use of Chinese language-made drones. China has harassed they’ve “nothing to do with the presence of those drones and has no reference to the RSF”. Earlier this month Sudanese media outlet Ayin used open sources to establish Chinese language-made weapons within the fingers of RSF fighters.
Chadian Labelled Crates
In a separate alleged seize of weapons and ammunition displayed by the SAF on the Engineering Corps constructing in Omdurman (15.609734, 32.480369), related crates have been seen however with the stencil label eliminated.
Subsequent to the crates, a inexperienced field is seen with a stencil label that seems to learn:
“Course Générale de la réserve Stratégique de la Présidence … République du Tchad”: Basic Directorate of Strategic Reserves (DGRS) of the Presidency… Republic of Chad.
The label on this field signifies a distinct designation “73-DTG02”. In accordance with the Collective Consciousness to Unexploded Ordnance (CAT-UXO), this designation is believed to be a Chinese language 73mm Excessive-Explosive-Twin-Function (HEDP), Excessive-Explosive-Anti-Tank (HEAT) with Anti-Personnel (AP) HE-Frag, fin-stabilised Rocket.
The UAE has been accused of supplying Sudan’s RSF by way of a Chad airstrip. Dozens of flights from the UAE seem to have used an airstrip at Amdjarass in jap Chad for the reason that battle started in April 2023.
Weapons Proceed to Gas Struggling
The invention of the Kenyan-labelled munitions crates is additional proof of Kenya’s political and logistical help to the RSF, Justin Lynch, Managing Director of Battle Insights Group and Sudan researcher, advised Bellingcat.
He stated the UAE has used Kenya and different African states as a political and logistical hub to help the Fast Help Forces.
“It appears hardly a coincidence that RSF public conferences in Nairobi have been instantly adopted by a $1.5 billion mortgage from the UAE and a surge in suspicious UAE-to-RSF shipments transiting by way of Kenya,” Lynch stated.
Kenya is reported to attract down subsequent week the primary portion of $500 million from the $1.5 billion United Arab Emirates (UAE) – backed business mortgage.
Regardless of dropping management of the beating coronary heart of the nation, the RSF nonetheless guidelines big swathes of Sudan together with Darfur within the nation’s southwest the place violence is inflicting one of many world’s worst humanitarian crises, in line with the UN.
So long as the battle continues, questions on who’s offering weapons and help to the warring sides will stay.
Bellingcat wish to thank our companions on the Nation Forensics Unit for collaborating on this investigation. You may watch their TV video of the investigation right here and browse their article right here.
Pooja Chaudhuri, Youri van der Weide and Jake Godin contributed to this report.
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