This text was produced for ProPublica’s Native Reporting Community in partnership with New York Focus, an investigative information outlet reporting on New York. Join Dispatches to get our tales in your inbox each week, and join New York Focus’ e-newsletter right here.
Reporting Highlights
- Rising Reliance: New York’s social companies companies positioned slightly below half of the people and households receiving emergency shelter exterior town in fiscal yr 2024 in motels.
- Lack of Companies: State rules exempt motels from offering the companies households obtain in shelters, corresponding to meals, assist discovering housing and generally little one care.
- Costly Resolution: County social companies places of work recurrently pay the motels charges which can be greater than honest market lease for two-bedroom residences of their areas.
These highlights have been written by the reporters and editors who labored on this story.
Jasmine Stradford sat on her porch close to Binghamton, New York, with toys, furnishings, rubbish luggage filled with clothes and different possessions piled up round her. She and her associate have been being evicted after falling behind on lease.
So final June, they and their kids — then ages 3, 12 and 15 — turned to New York’s emergency shelter system for assist. It was constructed to supply homeless residents not solely beds, but additionally meals, assist discovering everlasting housing and generally little one care so dad and mom can discover work, attend college or search for residences.
Stradford and her household acquired nearly none of that. As a substitute of putting them in a shelter, the Broome County Division of Social Companies cycled them by 4 roadside motels over three months, the place they principally needed to fend for themselves.
“I bear in mind gazing my youngsters, pondering that I’d failed them,” Stradford mentioned. “Then I bear in mind going to DSS and being utterly dehumanized.”
Stradford’s household was a part of a rising development: Previously few years, motels have quietly turn into the state’s predominant response to homelessness exterior New York Metropolis. New York Focus and ProPublica discovered that the state’s social companies companies positioned slightly below half the 34,000 people and households receiving emergency shelter exterior town in fiscal yr 2024 in motels — up from 29% in 2018. The change was most pronounced in Broome County, the place lodge instances greater than quintupled.
Statewide spending on motels greater than tripled over that interval to $110 million, in response to an evaluation of state momentary housing information by the information organizations. In complete, motels exterior New York Metropolis have been paid about $420 million to shelter unhoused individuals from April 2017 to September 2024.
It’s a makeshift association that gives individuals a roof over their head however little else. State rules exempt motels from offering the identical companies that households are purported to obtain within the shelter system.
The motels are “much less supportive, much less conducive for good well being outcomes, good training outcomes,” mentioned Adam Bosch, CEO of Hudson Valley Sample for Progress, a coverage analysis nonprofit. “If our final objective is to get individuals shifting again towards independence, sticking them in a lodge on a hillside away from companies, away from faculties, away from transportation networks isn’t an awesome technique.”
Homelessness in New York Metropolis acquired intense media protection because the migrant disaster grew to become fodder within the presidential election. However far much less consideration has been paid to the homeless inhabitants all through the remainder of New York, which far surpasses most different states by itself.
Few of the migrants have been relocated to motels exterior town. As a substitute, the spike in lodge housing stems from a mix of hovering lease, dozens of shelter closures and what housing advocates and trade representatives mentioned was a botched response to the top of the state’s pandemic-related eviction moratorium in 2022. After the moratorium ended, landlords started evicting tenants at charges exceeding earlier years. With fewer shelters and extra individuals in want, the variety of people and households positioned in motels shot up.
Credit score:
Michelle Gabel for ProPublica
Barbara Guinn, the commissioner of the state Workplace of Momentary and Incapacity Help, mentioned in an interview that her company hadn’t studied the expansion in lodge use for emergency shelter. The development has been scarcely talked about at legislative hearings in Albany.
However OTDA, which supervises the county social companies places of work, has lengthy recognized concerning the issues the motels current. In early 2020, state auditors warned the company that it wasn’t adequately overseeing shelters, together with motels used as momentary housing. OTDA acknowledged that motels current challenges as a result of they don’t have on-site help companies or the identical stage of supervision as shelters.
Guidelines clarifying the requirement that momentary housing recipients in motels obtain shelter-like companies have been on OTDA’s regulatory agenda for at the least 4 years. However the company, and lawmakers who oversee it, stood by as lodge housing elevated. Guinn mentioned she couldn’t “present perception” on why the company by no means formally proposed the principles, however she dedicated to advancing them this yr. The Broome County Division of Social Companies didn’t make its commissioner, Nancy Williams, obtainable for an interview and didn’t reply to an in depth listing of questions.
Reporting throughout the state, the information organizations discovered individuals dwelling for months and generally years in motels, doing what they’ll to get by. Households share beds whereas their belongings fill the corners of their rooms. With out kitchens and barred from utilizing most home equipment, they trek down shoulderless highways to grocery shops or scour meals pantries for something they’ll cook dinner in a microwave. They squish cockroaches skittering in dressers. And motels usually power them to maneuver out each few weeks, retaining stability out of attain.
The 4 motels that Stradford’s household was positioned in final summer season collectively made about $10,000 sheltering it over three months — greater than what the household owed in again lease. That works out to greater than twice the month-to-month honest market lease for a four-bedroom condominium in Binghamton on the time.
This isn’t uncommon. County social companies places of work recurrently pay the motels charges which can be price many occasions honest market lease for everlasting housing of their areas, in response to the evaluation of OTDA’s housing cost information. One motel in Rome, exterior Utica, that was the scene of a taking pictures final fall charged the county $250 an evening for a room at occasions, in response to invoices submitted to the county’s Division of Social Companies.
Over three months, Stradford’s household struggled to take care of some semblance of its previous life whereas bouncing from lodge to lodge. The household would lose numerous possessions. The youngsters’ educations could be disrupted, as the college bus didn’t sustain with their strikes. Their experiences would present the significance of the companies they weren’t receiving and what occurs to New York’s homeless households once they can’t entry them.
“It’s Like Malpractice”
Stradford and her associate, Tiberious Moses, had been evicted after she missed work at a kids’s group residence whereas recovering from surgical procedure and Moses struggled to help the household with momentary jobs. At first, Stradford was relieved when the Division of Social Companies knowledgeable her that it will place them in a lodge as an alternative of a shelter.
“Going to the lodge, I initially thought, ‘OK, this provides slightly bit extra leeway, slightly bit extra consolation, hospitality, all of that,’ solely to search out out that it’s not that in any respect,” she mentioned. “In case you are a DSS recipient, you’re nothing. You’re the backside of the pit.”
Stradford’s household — two adults, three kids and 4 canine — was packed right into a room with two beds at an Econo Lodge sandwiched between a gasoline station and one other finances lodge. Stradford mentioned she discovered cockroaches and had bother getting the lodge to wash their room. She mentioned she usually noticed drug use on the lodge and felt unsafe. Legislation enforcement and emergency companies have been referred to as to the lodge 116 occasions within the first half of that yr, dispatch logs present.
Regardless of these situations, the Econo Lodge acquired more cash to deal with momentary help recipients than another recognized lodge exterior New York Metropolis, in response to the OTDA funds information for the 2024 fiscal yr. The lodge, now referred to as Hillside Inn & Suites, served greater than 900 people and households positioned by the Division of Social Companies for at the least 30,000 complete nights, incomes over $2.3 million.
Credit score:
Michelle Gabel for ProPublica
“We’re compelled to lease lodge rooms throughout the state, and the operators of those locations perceive that,” mentioned state Sen. Roxanne Persaud, chair of the chamber’s Social Companies Committee. “The municipalities’ backs are towards the wall. And they also should place the unhoused individual or individuals someplace. And in order that’s why you see the associated fee is skyrocketing, as a result of individuals perceive that it’s a straightforward strategy to make cash off the federal government.”
OTDA’s rules say motels ought to be thought-about shelters and supply companies if they’re used “primarily” as momentary housing for homeless welfare recipients. At the very least 16 motels seem to deal with principally welfare recipients, the evaluation confirmed.
OTDA spokesperson Anthony Farmer mentioned the company interprets “primarily” to imply motels that “home recipients completely, or nearly completely, all year long.” He mentioned that motels aren’t required to ship companies however that county social companies companies “are chargeable for some stage of service provision.” The state, nonetheless, doesn’t recurrently acquire info on how counties present companies. Guinn mentioned OTDA plans to create a proper course of for counties to submit it beneath new rules.
Credit score:
Illustration by ProPublica
The Econo Lodge’s contract with Broome County doesn’t name for the companies supplied by shelters, like meals and help discovering housing. It requires the lodge to supply little greater than a room with housekeeping, linens and toiletries. The lodge’s CEO, Paresh Patel, declined to remark.
In distinction, conventional shelters usually put a big quantity of their funding towards social companies. Shelter budgets obtained from OTDA present that they incessantly retain at the least part-time workers to arrange meals and assist individuals discover jobs and housing. Native social companies places of work attempt to offset the dearth of on-site companies by hiring caseworkers however have struggled to retain them.
As a substitute, lodge residents like Stradford’s household are caught in an internet of conflicts between the best way these companies are offered, the strings hooked up to advantages and the principles and limitations of dwelling in motels. Social companies departments may present them meals stamps to purchase groceries, however lodge residents often don’t have kitchens and are sometimes not allowed to have home equipment like scorching plates. To maintain their lodging, they’re typically required to hunt housing and to work or search for jobs, however they usually don’t obtain little one care. They need to recurrently meet with caseworkers at social companies places of work however should depend on spotty public transportation.
“To me, it’s like malpractice as a homeless companies supplier to position individuals with out help companies” in motels, mentioned Deborah Padgett, a professor of social work at New York College. “It’s good within the sense that they get extra privateness, however for them to get a life and never be depending on the federal government, they must be near companies and never be punished for making errors.”
Guinn mentioned that her company would favor counties use regulated shelters in housing emergencies however that there aren’t sufficient beds to accommodate everybody. Social companies places of work should depend on motels when shelters don’t have area or don’t exist in a specific county, Farmer mentioned in an e mail.
After 26 nights, Broome County relocated Stradford’s household to the High quality Inn & Suites in Vestal, a Binghamton suburb down the Susquehanna River that’s residence to Binghamton College. Stradford’s automotive had been repossessed, so that they stuffed a suitcase and the children’ e-book luggage with as many garments as they might and hopped on the bus.
Credit score:
Illustration by ProPublica
On the High quality Inn, the household struggled to eat. They’d utilized for meals stamps, however Stradford mentioned she couldn’t get wage data from her former employer proving she was eligible. As a substitute, the county offered them a restaurant allowance price about $15 a day to cowl all 5 of them. To get by, they took the bus to meals pantries like Catholic Charities, which had began creating “lodge luggage” filled with canned meals, oatmeal, crackers, macaroni and cheese and snacks for the children — something that could possibly be eaten chilly or ready with a microwave.
Whereas many shelters present meals on website, contracts between the motels and Broome County forbid emergency housing recipients from consuming the motels’ meals. Stradford mentioned her household was threatened with removing from the High quality Inn after her 12-year-old daughter, Taylor, tried to eat the continental breakfast.
“After we first began taking households on, we did enable breakfast, and sadly there was an excessive amount of being carried away, so we selected to alter that,” the lodge’s common supervisor, Bernadine Morris, mentioned. The High quality Inn has since closed and couldn’t be reached for follow-up questions.
Folks can get kicked out of motels and lose their housing help for repeatedly violating motels’ insurance policies, together with through the use of their very own cooking home equipment. One girl who beforehand lived on the Motel 6 in Binghamton mentioned she prevented sanctions by throwing an extension wire from the window of her second-story room to make use of a stress cooker on the sidewalk.
Stradford’s nonstop juggling act left her on edge. She was grieving her mom’s dying, feeding 5 individuals and 4 canine, apartment-hunting and hustling to culinary lessons and social companies appointments. She mentioned her kids began feeling the stress too: Her 3-year-old, Samir, was wetting the mattress incessantly, and the older youngsters missed lessons for his or her summer season programs.
The household started butting heads with High quality Inn managers, who accused them of being disruptive and terminated their keep, in response to Stradford’s social companies case file.
“I’m not completely shocked that they run into issues with the lodge supervisors and the workers simply because they’re looking for some strategy to get their wants attended to, and it’s not likely honest to count on the lodge to do what these persons are not educated to do,” Padgett mentioned.
Credit score:
Michelle Gabel for ProPublica
Shelters are required to have sufficient certified workers to satisfy residents’ wants. The workers members typically have at the least some coaching in tips on how to deal with populations with advanced wants, mentioned Elizabeth Bowen, an affiliate professor on the College at Buffalo College of Social Work.
After Stradford and her household misplaced their room on the High quality Inn, the county sanctioned them and declined to search out them a brand new place to remain. Moses, who had simply gotten a job at Dave & Buster’s, paid out of his personal pocket for a room on the Crimson Roof Inn in Johnson Metropolis. After they arrived, the girl on the entrance desk noticed their belongings and canine and advised them the motel wouldn’t honor the reservation. They’d used what little cash was left on Ubers and the room deposit. The motel didn’t return requests for remark.
Because it rained, Stradford obtained ahold of the Division of Social Companies and pleaded their case. The county determined to proceed housing her household till her sanction could possibly be appealed. It booked them on the Knights Inn, one other 10 minutes down the highway in a city referred to as Endwell.
“I Received Into Safety Mode”
Stradford’s household grew to become expert at sleeping on a single mattress on the Knights Inn. Stradford, Moses, Samir and 15-year-old De’Vante would sleep facet by facet whereas Taylor slept horizontally at their ft.
The remainder of the power was in chaos, Stradford mentioned. She noticed hypodermic needles and different drug paraphernalia mendacity within the grass and beneath the stairwell and folks slumped over whereas standing beside the dumpster. Over about six years that the county used it for momentary housing, regulation enforcement and emergency companies have been summoned to the motel for 789 incidents, together with assaults, overdoses, robberies, home disputes and psychological well being crises.
Credit score:
Illustration by ProPublica
The Knights Inn had a litany of points that prevented it from passing Broome County Social Companies’ inspections from 2018 to 2021. In keeping with inspection reviews, the rooms have been dimly lit as a consequence of lacking mild bulbs and damaged lamps. The partitions have been stained and punched by, and the wallpaper peeled off. Some rooms’ doorways didn’t lock. Home windows didn’t both or have been damaged. Carpets have been torn, and inspectors discovered cockroaches in dressers.
Well being and questions of safety plague motels used as emergency shelters throughout the state. A 2020 state comptroller audit discovered that 60% of the motels they reviewed exterior New York Metropolis have been in “unsatisfactory” situation — about the identical as the share of shelters.
One girl, who was dwelling together with her kids in a motel south of Albany, confirmed paint flaking off their partitions and mattresses coated in black mould. Two different dad and mom positioned within the motel mentioned they felt that if the Division of Social Companies caught them in non-public housing that resembled their dwelling situations, their child could possibly be taken away by Baby Protecting Companies.
OTDA requires social companies companies to examine motels housing households each six months. However an evaluation of OTDA compliance information confirmed that social companies districts usually fail to maintain up with lodge inspections: About 40% of the 351 motels used to deal with homeless individuals exterior New York Metropolis have been old-fashioned on their social companies inspections as of mid-October or didn’t have an inspection date listed.
Farmer, the OTDA spokesperson, mentioned that almost all motels had been inspected inside a yr and that some others had stopped housing individuals.
Even when social companies companies do inspections, data present they generally fail to take motion. Lodges need to right issues inside 30 days, until it’s a security drawback. In the event that they don’t, counties are purported to cease putting individuals there, in response to a directive from OTDA.
Information present that the Knights Inn mounted a number of the points because it went however continued to get written up in each inspection for 2 and a half years. Regardless of this, Broome County positioned tons of of social companies instances there, incomes the motel over $750,000.
A Knights Inn supervisor, Aizaz Siddiqui, mentioned that the motel moved individuals out of rooms that wanted probably the most work till they have been renovated.
In January 2021, the county mentioned it will cease putting individuals on the Knights Inn till the violations have been corrected. The motel acquired a clear inspection in July 2022. However Stradford mentioned the Knights Inn wouldn’t give them rest room paper or recent sheets, that are required in shelters. A bedsheet was used as a curtain for his or her rear window.
Credit score:
Courtesy of Jasmine Stradford
The household stayed for 3 weeks, however tensions with administration boiled over when the household didn’t do away with their canine by the deadline set by the motel. Ultimately, the Knights Inn advised them to go away. After giving them a couple of further days to search out different lodging, Siddiqui referred to as the police to take away them.
Siddiqui mentioned the households positioned on the inn by the Division of Social Companies deserve sympathy, however he nonetheless has to take care of order. “It’s a troublesome state of affairs to be in, and we attempt to work with them as a lot as we are able to,” he mentioned. “However once more, we do have to satisfy our insurance policies, and we now have to face by them.” The motel declined to reply to extra questions concerning the situations.
Stradford’s household didn’t have anyplace else to go. Because the State Police arrived, she planted herself on a purple cooler in entrance of their room and refused to go away till the county discovered them someplace to remain.
Some group activists she met by native charity work confirmed as much as help her and livestreamed the incident on Fb.
Credit score:
Illustration by ProPublica
After a three-hour standoff, administration relented and allowed the household to remain two extra nights. One of many activists arrived with a U-Haul and drove their stuff to the Motel 6, a 15-minute drive again up the river, previous the Econo Lodge on the outskirts of Binghamton.
Issues have been initially calm on the Motel 6. However about three weeks into their keep, the Motel 6 complained to the county that Stradford had left the youngsters alone, which they have been advised violated the motel’s visitor coverage. Stradford mentioned she was doing charity work on the time however complained that she couldn’t attend college or meet the state’s necessities to search for housing if she needed to continuously supervise her kids.
The motel gave the household the weekend to go away. After they missed their checkout time, the Sheriff’s Workplace got here to take away them.
Moses referred to as Stradford, who was at college, to inform her what was taking place. She headed to the Division of Social Companies to plead their case.
“I obtained into safety mode,” Stradford mentioned. “I wasn’t going to go away there and simply put myself in a significantly homeless state of affairs. So I advised them I wasn’t leaving till I knew that we had a safe spot to go to.”
However her makes an attempt failed. The company mentioned it will now not assist her household because of the complaints. The clerk used a particular device to unlock the room for the deputies.
Neighborhood members as soon as once more confirmed as much as livestream the encounter and stress the county. The Sheriff’s Workplace helped the household discover a motel, the place it stayed for 2 extra nights.
Ultimately, it wasn’t New York’s social companies system that discovered steady housing for Stradford’s household; it was an area landlord who heard concerning the case and supplied an condominium at a fee the household may afford on Moses’ wages and momentary help from the county.
Credit score:
Michelle Gabel for ProPublica
Stradford’s household was positioned in motels for 89 days, concerning the common for a social companies case. Many keep far longer. Greater than 1,500 people and households spent six months or extra in motels, in response to cost information from the 2024 fiscal yr.
“A few of us actually get into a tough time and we actually do want the assistance. We don’t simply depend on the system,” Stradford mentioned. “I pay my hard-earned tax {dollars}. I labored a number of jobs. I’m the one that attempted to maintain afloat and stuff like that. However issues occur in life.”
Between their six strikes, the household misplaced most of its possessions: furnishings, Social Safety playing cards, beginning certificates, tax paperwork, household images, laptops, coats, a portray from somebody Jasmine was taking good care of, Samir’s toy field, Taylor’s artwork tasks and a blanket coated in motivational quotes that Stradford’s mother had given her earlier than she handed. They’d to surrender two of their canine.
After they arrived at their new residence, that they had solely a few suitcases and rubbish luggage full of garments.
Credit score:
Illustration by ProPublica
This story was supported by the journalism nonprofit the Financial Hardship Reporting Undertaking.
When you’ve got been positioned in a lodge or have details about the usage of motels as emergency housing in New York, contact New York Focus reporter Spencer Norris at 570-690-3469 or [email protected].
Joel Jacobs contributed information reporting.
