DOWNIEVILLE, Calif. — Patrice Miller, 71, lived by herself in a small yellow home beneath towering mountain peaks on the sting of a burbling river on this Sierra County village. She doted on her cats and her unique orchids, and was recognized to neighbors for her scrumptious home made bread. One fall afternoon, after Miller had failed for a number of days to make her customary look on the city market, a retailer clerk requested authorities to test on her.
A short while later, a sheriff’s deputy discovered Miller’s lifeless physique in her kitchen. Her proper leg and left arm had been partially gnawed off. On the ground round her have been the big paw prints of a bear.
Months after her loss of life, officers would make a shocking disclosure, revealing that an post-mortem had decided that Miller had possible been killed by the animal after it broke into her residence. It marked the primary recognized occasion in California historical past of a deadly bear assault on a human.
However amid the contentious politics round black bears and different apex predators in California, not everybody accepts the official model of how she died.
“We don’t imagine the bear did it,” mentioned Ann Bryant, govt director of the Bear League within the Tahoe Basin. “And I’ll go on file as saying that. … We’ve by no means had a bear kill anyone.”
The story of Miller’s grisly finish — and the more and more heated battles round predators in California — have come roaring into the state Capitol this spring. Lawmakers representing conservative rural districts within the state’s rugged northern reaches argue that their communities are beneath assault, and level to Miller as one instance of the worst that may occur. One resolution they’ve pushed is altering the regulation to permit individuals to set packs of looking canines after bears to haze them. The same measure has been floated — for now unsuccessfully — to keep at bay mountain lions thought-about a risk.
Wildlife conservation advocates are aghast. They are saying turning canines on bears is barbaric and received’t make anybody safer. They contend the proposed legal guidelines don’t mirror a scientifically backed method to managing wild populations however as an alternative are pro-hunting payments dressed up within the guise of public security. The actual resolution, they are saying, is for people dwelling close to bears to study to soundly co-exist by not leaving out meals or in any other case attracting them.
“These individuals are utilizing [Miller’s death] to attempt to begin hounding bears once more,” mentioned Bryant, who maintains that Miller, who was unwell, will need to have died earlier than the bear got here into her residence and devoured her. “She would roll in her grave if she knew that in her loss of life individuals would create a state of affairs the place individuals have been going to mistreat bears, as a result of she beloved bears.”
In a current report, the Division of Fish and Wildlife estimates there at the moment are 60,000 black bears roaming California and notes a marked improve in reviews of human-bear conflicts.
(John Axtell / Nevada Division of Wildlife)
Based in 1849, Downieville, inhabitants 300, is one in all California’s oldest cities, and in addition one in all its quaintest. Colorfully painted picket buildings sit on the junction of two rivers, beneath majestic pines and mountain peaks.
Together with vacationers, who flood in in the summertime for rafting and mountain biking, the city additionally receives frequent visits from bears and mountain lions. Extra just lately, wolves have arrived with lethal pressure, snatching domesticated cattle off the open pastures that stretch throughout the plains on the opposite facet of the mountains east of city.
Miller wound up right here a couple of decade in the past, on the finish of a wealthy, sophisticated life. She had labored in an oil refinery, and in addition as a contractor. She was a grasp gardener, knowledgeable at transplanting Japanese maples, in response to her neighbor, Patty Corridor. She was a voracious reader and a talented pianist. However she was additionally unwell and had struggled with substance abuse, in response to neighbors and officers.
Longtime residents within the space have been used to the challenges of dwelling amongst wild animals. However in the summertime of 2023, Sierra County Sheriff Mike Fisher mentioned he began getting an awesome variety of calls about downside bears.
“We had three or 4 habituated bears that have been continually right here on the town,” mentioned Fisher. “That they had zero worry. I’d say, nearly each day, we have been having to exit and chase these bears away, haze them.”
However bears have a pointy sense of scent, an extended reminiscence for meals sources and an unbelievable sense of path. If a vacationer tosses them a pizza crust or the final bits of an ice cream cone, or leaves the lid off a trash can, they’ll return many times, even when they’re relocated miles away.
That summer time, Fisher mentioned, it doesn’t matter what he did, the bears stored lumbering again into city. It was not like something he had skilled, he mentioned, and he had grown up in Downieville. “A police automotive with an air horn or the siren, we’d push the bear up out of the neighborhood. Fifteen minutes later, they have been proper again downtown,” he mentioned.
Based in 1849, Downieville, inhabitants 300, is one in all California’s oldest cities and in addition one in all its quaintest.
(Myung J. Chun / Los Angeles Occasions)
After which there have been the bears harassing Miller and her neighbors.
“There have been three bears,” recalled Corridor, who lives simply up the hill from the house Miller rented. “Twice an evening they’d stroll up and down our [porch] stairs. The Ring cameras have been continually going off.”
Fisher mentioned a few of Miller’s neighbors complained that she was a part of the lure, as a result of she was not disposing of her rubbish correctly. Some additionally alleged she was tossing meals on her porch for her cats — and that the bears have been coming for it. Miller’s daughter later informed sheriff’s officers that bears have been “continually making an attempt” to get into her home, and that “her mom had bodily hit one” to maintain it out. One specific bear, which Miller had nicknamed “Huge Bastard,” was a frequent pest.
Fifty miles from Downieville, within the Lake Tahoe Basin, the Bear League was getting calls about Miller, too. The group, which Bryant based greater than 20 years in the past, seeks to guard bears by serving to residents coexist with them. This consists of educating individuals about locking down their trash and serving to to haze bears away from properties.
“We received calls [from her neighbors] that informed us she had been feeding the bears, tossing meals out to them, and allow them to come into her home,” Bryant mentioned. She added that some thought, erroneously, that the Bear League was a authorities group, and “perhaps we had the power to implement the regulation” in opposition to feeding bears.
Corridor, Miller’s buddy, informed The Occasions that Miller was not feeding bears. Nonetheless, the issues continued.
Finally, officers with the California Division of Fish and Wildlife have been referred to as and informed Miller she might signal a “depredation allow,” after which authorities might kill bears making an attempt to get into her home. However Miller declined to take action, Fisher mentioned.
In early November, Miller stopped exhibiting up round city, prompting requires a welfare test.
A little bit earlier than 3 p.m. on Nov. 8, 2023, Deputy Malcolm Fadden approached Miller’s residence, which was a brief stroll from the sheriff’s workplace. The safety bars on the kitchen window had been ripped off. The window itself had been busted from the skin.
“I knocked on the door,” Fadden wrote in his report, however received no reply.
Patrice Miller was discovered useless in her rental cottage in November 2023. Bear advocates take situation with an post-mortem report that mentioned she most likely was killed in a bear assault.
(Jessica Garrison / Los Angeles Occasions)
By means of the window, he noticed blood streaked throughout the lounge ground. He took out his gun and burst into the home, the place he was greeted by a large pile of bear scat. He discovered Miller within the kitchen, her half-eaten physique surrounded by meals and rubbish, which, Fadden wrote, had been “apparently scattered by bears.”
Fisher was horrified. Already pissed off at what he noticed because the Division of Fish and Wildlife’s lackluster response to the escalating bear incursions that summer time, now he needed the bear that had ate up Miller to be trapped and killed.
He mentioned the division informed him that for the bear to be killed, “the one who lives on the home has to signal the [depredation] allow.” Fisher mentioned he responded: “What number of instances do I’ve to let you know the one who lives at that home was eaten by the bear?”
This was the beginning of a long-running battle between the sheriff and company officers that might complicate the discharge of the post-mortem findings about Miller’s loss of life, and in addition persuade Fisher that extra aggressive steps have been wanted to guard his neighborhood.
Finally, Fisher managed to get a depredation allow for the bear that had ate up Miller; his deputies tracked down her landlord, who because the house owner might signal it. Wildlife officers arrange a entice close to Miller’s home, and briefly order, a bear was caught.
However, in response to Fisher, officers initially mentioned it wasn’t the identical bear. They mentioned DNA checks confirmed that the bear who had eaten her was male, and the bear that they had caught gave the impression to be feminine. They supposed to launch the bear, he mentioned.
Fisher padlocked the cage, and threatened to name the media. In response, he mentioned, wildlife officers despatched a biologist, who decided the bear within the entice was male. It was shot that evening.
At that time, few individuals, together with Fisher, believed that the bear had truly killed Miller, versus feeding on her after she died of pure causes. Although there are recorded cases of deadly black bear maulings in different U.S. states, they’re uncommon, and there had been no reviews of 1 in California. Fisher issued a information launch saying that the loss of life was beneath investigation, however that “it’s believed that Patrice Miller handed away earlier than a bear, probably drawn by the scent or different elements, accessed the residence.”
After performing an post-mortem, nonetheless, the pathologist on contract with Sierra County got here to a unique conclusion. She issued a report that discovered that Miller had “deep hemorrhage of the face and neck“ in addition to “puncture accidents (in keeping with claw ‘swipe’ or ‘slap’).” These accidents, she famous, have been “traits extra suggestive of a significant response by a dwelling individual.” In brief: The pathologist discovered that Miller was most likely killed by the bear.
Due to Fisher’s feud with Fish and Wildlife, that post-mortem report, dated Jan. 4, 2024, wouldn’t change into public for months.
Fisher mentioned the state company was refusing to offer him with copies of the DNA evaluation of the bear that had been trapped in Miller’s yard. He needed to see for himself that it matched the DNA proof collected at her residence, saying he hated the thought {that a} bear that had feasted on an individual may nonetheless be roaming his city.
“I requested DNA from Fish and Wildlife, they usually refused to offer it to me,” he mentioned. “So I withheld the coroner’s report. We stopped speaking.”
He mentioned he verbally informed division officers that the pathologist believed Miller had been killed by the bear — a seemingly noteworthy growth. He mentioned that officers responded: “I assume we’ll see after we get the report.”
In an electronic mail to The Occasions, state wildlife officers confirmed that Fisher had verbally shared the outcomes of the post-mortem report, however mentioned they felt they wanted to see the report back to do their “due diligence earlier than making an announcement concerning the first deadly bear assault in California.” The company had despatched an investigator to the scene after Miller’s loss of life, who like Fisher and his deputies, thought the proof instructed she had died of pure causes, mentioned company spokesperson Peter Tira.
By the point Fisher received the post-mortem report, it was deep winter within the mountains, and bear exercise decreased. Then got here spring, and together with the blossoms, the bears got here again to Downieville.
Bears have been knocking over trash cans and breaking into vehicles. In Could, residents on Important Road reported {that a} bear had damaged into a number of homes, together with one incursion that concerned a bear standing over 82-year-old Dale Hunter as he napped on his sofa.
A couple of days later, a bear tried to interrupt into the cafeteria at Downieville Excessive Faculty whereas college students have been at college.
Fisher declared the bear a risk to public security. Fish and Wildlife ultimately issued a depredation allow, and the bear was shot.
That led to a narrative within the Mountain Messenger, the native paper. In it, the sheriff dropped a bombshell: “Miller was mauled to loss of life after a black bear entered her residence,” the paper reported. The story went on to say that the sheriff had made “quite a few makes an attempt” to tell Fish and Wildlife “about Miller’s loss of life and newer harmful conditions.”
After the story ran, state Sen. Megan Dahle, a Lassen County Republican who on the time served within the Meeting, arrange a conciliatory assembly between Fish and Wildlife and Fisher. They’ve been assembly repeatedly ever since, Fisher mentioned.
Fisher received his DNA outcomes confirming that the bear trapped in Miller’s yard was the identical bear that had eaten her. And Fish and Wildlife officers lastly received a duplicate of the pathology report, which mentioned Miller was most likely alive when she encountered the bear.
The revelation made headlines across the state. “We’re in new territory,” Capt. Patrick Foy of Fish and Wildlife’s regulation enforcement division informed the San Francisco Chronicle.
Bryant and different bear advocates discovered the discharge of such a major discovering so lengthy after the actual fact confounding.
“I completely don’t imagine it,” Bryant mentioned. If the bear had killed her, Bryant added, “the proof ought to have been so clear, like instantly.”
“We don’t imagine the bear did it,” Ann Bryant, govt director of the Bear League, says of Patrice Miller’s loss of life. “We’ve by no means had a bear kill anyone.”
(Max Whittaker / For The Occasions)
The Downieville saga unfolded as bears gave the impression to be making information throughout California.
To many, it appeared there have been simply many extra bears encroaching on human settlements. A Fish and Wildlife report launched final month estimated there at the moment are 60,000 black bears roaming the Golden State, roughly triple the determine from 1998, the final time the division issued a bear administration plan. That’s the best inhabitants estimate for wherever within the contiguous U.S., though the report additionally means that California’s bear inhabitants has been secure for the final decade.
Within the Lake Tahoe space, the place 50,000 individuals reside year-round and tens of hundreds extra crowd in on busy vacationer weekends, bears have been breaking into homes and raiding fridges; they have been bursting into ice cream retailers and strolling alongside packed seashores.
State and native officers went into overdrive, making an attempt to show residents and vacationers how one can keep away from attracting bears. The state set cash apart for distribution of bear-proof trash cans and “unwelcome mats” that ship a jolt of electrical energy if bears attempt to break into properties.
The Bear League will mortgage Tahoe Basin residents “unwelcome mats” that ship somewhat jolt of electrical energy to bears in the event that they attempt to break into properties.
(Max Whittaker / For The Occasions)
The Bear League stepped up its efforts. From a small workplace on Bryant’s property, the group’s 24-hour hotline was ringing, and volunteers have been dashing out with paintball weapons to haze bears and to advise individuals on how one can bear-proof their homes.
The tensions continued to escalate, nonetheless, between individuals who needed to guard bears in any respect prices and those that needed some downside bears trapped and relocated — or killed. In 2024, after a home-owner within the Tahoe space fatally shot a bear he mentioned had damaged into his residence, many individuals have been outraged that the Division of Fish and Wildlife declined to file prices.
Advocates additionally complained that the state has fallen behind in its efforts to assist individuals and bears coexist. Lately, the state had employed devoted workers to assist individuals in bear nation, however the cash ran out and a few of these individuals have been laid off, mentioned Jennifer Fearing, a wildlife advocate and lobbyist.
“We now have the instruments to reduce human-wildlife battle in California,” Fearing mentioned. “We’d like the state to put money into utilizing them.”
In Sierra County, the sheriff had come to a unique conclusion. “We’ve swung the pendulum too far on the environmental facet on these apex predators,” Fisher mentioned.
Earlier this 12 months, Fisher discovered widespread trigger with newly elected GOP Assemblymember Heather Hadwick. “Mountain lions, bears and wolves are my largest situation. I get calls on daily basis about some type of predator, which is loopy,” mentioned Hadwick, who represents 11 northern counties.
In February, she launched a invoice, AB 1038, that might enable hunters to sic educated canines on bears to chase them by the woods, however not kill them. Whereas California has a authorized looking season for bears, it’s strictly regulated; using hounds to assist the chase has been banned since 2013.
Hadwick argued that hounding bears would improve their worry of people, which she mentioned some are beginning to lose: “We’re conserving them within the forest, the place they belong.”
Bears have an extended reminiscence for meals sources and an unbelievable sense of path. If a vacationer tosses them a pizza crust or leaves the lid off a trash can, they’ll return many times.
(California Division of Fish and Wildlife)
Wildlife advocates confirmed up in pressure final month to oppose Hadwick’s invoice in an Meeting committee listening to. Sending hounds after bears is merciless, they mentioned. Plus, hounding bears within the woods would don’t have any impression on the bears knocking over neighborhood trash cans and sneaking into ice cream shops.
Fisher testified in favor of the invoice, and spoke of Miller’s loss of life.
Lawmakers listened, some with stricken seems on their faces. However in a Legislature managed by Democrats, Hadwick didn’t garner sufficient votes to ship her invoice on to the complete Meeting; it turned a two-year invoice, which means it might come again subsequent 12 months.
Fisher returned to Sierra County, the place he has continued to advocate for locals to have extra energy to go after predators. The present state of affairs, he mentioned, is “uncontrolled.”
